At what energy level does the onset of second-degree burns occur in human tissue?

The onset of second-degree burns in human tissue typically occurs when the energy exposure reaches approximately 1.2 cal/cm². This energy threshold corresponds to the amount of heat necessary to cause damage that affects not only the outer layer of skin (the epidermis) but also extends into the underlying layer (the dermis).

Second-degree burns are characterized by blistering and significant pain, which is a direct result of the injury to deeper skin tissues. At this energy level, the thermal energy is sufficient to cause denaturation of proteins and damage to the cellular structure, leading to the clinical symptoms observed in second-degree burns. Understanding this threshold is crucial for professionals working in environments where electrical and thermal hazards may occur, allowing them to implement appropriate safety measures to protect individuals from severe burns.